Can microneedles introduce a new method of delivering autoimmune disease treatment?

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that mistakenly attacks hair follicles and leads to hair loss. It affects nearly 7 million people in the United States. Traditionally, AA was treated with minoxidil or immunosuppressants, which can have systemic side effects. Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and MIT have developed a new method to localize the treatment with a more targeted approach.

Researchers used a microneedle patch, which directly delivered medication to the hair loss site and was able to penetrate the tough outer layers of skin more effectively than topical creams. Moreover, for this particular study, researchers used a new biologic treatment (IL-2/CCL22), which promotes regulatory T-cells as opposed to suppressing the immune system. "This restores immune balance and resolves the T cell attack on hair follicles, offering a potential long-term solution without compromising the immune system's ability to defend against infections," said Dr. Natalie Artzi.

In experiments on mice models with AA, the patches were applied to affected areas 10 times over 3 weeks. Hair regrowth was observed as early as 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Researchers also tested microneedle patches filled with baricitinib, an existing approved drug for severe AA, and found the new biologic compound (IL-2/CCL22) to be more effective.

The microneedle patches also showed shelf-life stability, enhancing their potential for clinical use. Researchers are continuing to develop and test this therapy and are also exploring applying similar approaches to other skin diseases like vitiligo and psoriasis. Once the testing moves to the next stage, clinical trials will be required for the treatment to be tested on actual patients.

The Autoimmune Registry supports various clinical trials and hosts an educational webinar series to accelerate the approval of new treatments for autoimmune diseases. ARI is also hosting a monthly webinar for patient advocacy groups. To support the Autoimmune Registry, please share our information with others affected by autoimmune diseases. Donations are also greatly appreciated!